正文 续发评论一 一部杰出的作品（3）
接着就写到“文化大革命”。“文化大革命”更是极左路线的产物，小说用了一个词：无法无天。真是“无法无天”，祸国殃民！小说写了一次武斗，极其残酷，令人震惊。极左思想实际上就是一种专制思想，马克思说过：专制制度的原则“总的说来就是轻视人，蔑视人，使人不成其为人。”（《马克思全集》卷一第441页）
Next the novel draws us to the Cultural Revolution， which is a product of the extreme leftist line。 There is an expression in the novel： anarchy。 Indeed， the scenes were so anarchy that the nation was wounded and hurt。 A fight was depicted and the situation was horrifying。 The leftist line is dictatorial， as Karl Marx stated， “it shows contempt and scorn to people， and debases them。” (Anthology of Karl Marx， P441)
所以， 张宗铭 先生的三部系列长篇小说，就其思想的成就来说，达到了空前未有的思想高度。鲁迅曾说：“中国文人，对于人生——至少对于社会现象，向来就没有正视的勇气。”又说：“有些聪明的士大夫，依然会从血泊里寻出闲适来。”并认为那些道学先生：“死似的镇静”，“真是天大的本领。”鲁迅最痛心的是中国人的麻木，对别人的痛苦无动于衷，对身受的压迫习以为常。然而， 张宗铭 先生则不然，他是一位具有良知的、敢于正视历史和现实的杰出的作家。所以他的系列小说，是我国第一部敢于正视历史，敢于正视现实，敢于进行反思的文学作品，其价值不可低估。
Mr。 Zongming Zhang’s novels are great in terms of ides。 Lu Xun once said， “The Chinese men of letters show little courage in facing human life and at least social phenomenon。” Lu Xun added， “Some intelligent learned men seek leisure amid blood shedding，” “they are dead-like calm，” “they are great。” He was sorry for the indifference shown by the Chinese to the others’ pains and their own sufferings。 Mr。 Zhang is unlike what Lu Xun described。 He is an outstanding writer who is public-minded and dares to look history and reality in the face。 His works are worth studying praising。
&nbsp；张宗铭先生系列小说的艺术成就也是相当高的，我想可以用“杰出的现实主义作品”来概括它。“现实主义”我觉得不应该否定，用它来评价文学作品是恰当的。1954年对我国文学史上的现实主义进行过一次热烈的讨论，有人认为从〈诗经〉开始就有现实主义创作方法；也有人认为从〈金瓶梅〉开始才有了现实主义的创作方法。〈金瓶梅〉是明代的小说，就是说到明清资本主义萌芽出现之后才有了现实主义的文学特征。我认为应该说从〈诗经〉时起，就有了现实主义的文学特征，发展到明清时期这种创作方法就更自觉了。
The artistic achievement of Mr。 Zhang’s novels is high， or rather “outstanding realist。” I deem realism as a suitable evaluation of literary works。 In 1954 a heated discussion was launched in Chinese literary circles。 Some people thought that the Chinese realism could be traced back to the ancient poetry classic Shi Jing， while the others maintained that the Chinese realism started in the novel of Jinpingmei， a Ming Dynasty novel。 In the latter’s view the Chinese realism emerged after the advent of capitalism。 I think it started in Shi Jing， and was developed in a better way in the Ming Dynasty。
张宗铭先生的三部系列长篇小说，就鲜明地表现出这种传统的创作方法，表现出现实主义创作的很高的艺术成就。它有哪些艺术特点呢？我觉得第一个特点就是充分的真实性。小说写的事件，历史跨度很大，从建国初期（如果从富田事件和洪湖赤卫队算起就更早）一直写到“文化大革命”。写的事件、生活、人物都是很真实的。我们说的“真实”，与“虚构”并不矛盾。“真实”是指艺术的“真实”，艺术的“真实”不等于生活的“真实”。所谓真实性，是对虚假、虚伪、空虚、空洞而言。它的真实性，并不使人感到虚假、虚伪，也不感到空虚和空洞。对生活没有粉饰也没有夸大，就是原原本本地照着生活的原貌进行描写，并没有根据个人好恶过多地夸大什么缩小什么，过多地贬低什么歌颂什么。〈红楼梦〉中有句话，说明现实主义的创作特点：“其中悲欢离合，兴衰际遇，俱是按迹循踪，不敢稍加穿凿，至失其真。” 张宗铭 先生的系列小说基本上也是这样，他所写的人物、事件、情节，都是“按迹循踪”，按照生活的轨迹、遵循生活的逻辑，对其产生、发展、变化，严格按照生活的真实性、历史的真实性来描写，使人不发生不真实的感觉。不管第一部、第二部、第三部，都给人一种历史的真实感，在这种历史的真实性的前提下，作者将自己博大的情怀和良知，融会在小说中去，歌颂和平、歌颂友谊、歌颂爱情；在人物上，讴歌真诚、讴歌善良、讴歌正义、讴歌人性美，使人从历史的真实性当中得以极大的美的享受。
Mr。 Zhang’s novels are a mirror of realism。 Let me specify their realist features。 The first feature is sufficient truth。 The novels range a long period from the early years of the People’s Republic of China (even earlier， if the Futian Event and the Honghu Lake Guerilla are considered) to the Cultural Revolution。 The events， life and characters are true historically。 It should be noted that “truth” does not conflict with “fiction”。 Truth is artistic and not equal to life truth。 Truth is termed as opposed to fraud， hypocrisy， emptiness and hollowness。 Truth does not appear false and hypocritical。 It does not paint life nor boast it。 Instead， it is a down-to-earth description of what life is， unguided by personal bias and hence impartial。 In A Dream in a Red Mansion (Hongloumeng) realism is described as “sketching ups and downs in life in the way it leaves traces so as not to lose its truth。” Mr。 Zhang’s works are just what this saying reveals。 The characters， events and plots in his novels “went in the way life left its traces。” They reflect truth as is required by realism， showing a sense of life and historical truth。 In presenting the history， the author devotes his conscience and bosom to what are involved。 He lauds peace， friendship and love， and gives much credit to sincerity， kindness， justice and morality。 Indeed， his works are full of a sense of beauty in terms of historical truth。
&nbsp； 第二个特点是力求完整性。所谓“完整性”，就是使作品反映生活力求作到成为有机的艺术整体。一方面，作品本身有其完整性，有其内在联系，不是七零八落的，不是各个艺术部件机械的组合，而是浑然一体的艺术精品。另一方面，力求反映生活的整体，不片面，不只从一个角度，力求从多个方面不使生活片面化。比如，写了一个唐维绮，又写了一个亨利，从不同角度表现对宗教和宗教人士的态度。尽管小说写的历史跨度比较大，但总是给人以整体的观念，并不觉得支离破碎，也不觉得单一或者单调。第二部为什么写到双溪坪，写到少数民族，写到农村。与第一部第三部结合起来看，就写出了整体的贵州，给人以贵州完整的面貌。第二部好像另起炉灶，但最后又与第一部结合了起来，形成了系列小说的完整故事，这种写法是了不起的，是一种大手笔的写法。
The second feature is an attempt for integrity， which requires literary creations to realize an artistic integrity with life。 In another word， the works should not appear broken but finished products。 On the other hand， they should reflect all aspects of life rather than a limited number。 For instance， both Tang Weiqi and Henry are presented in order to depict religion and the then attitude to religious people from a variety of angles。 Although the novels span a long time， they appear organic and rich in taste。 The second novel tells about Shuangxiping， minority people and the countryside。 The first and third novels give such a sense of integrity about Guizhou that the readers can get a full picture of the province。 The second novel seems written in another way， but its ending is combined with the first one。 In this way， the three novels form a sequel。 I think such a writing technique is great。
第三个特点是力求客观性。小说的写作态度是充分尊重事实，让事实说话，很少加进个人的评论。通过大量事实，让读者感受到极左路线的危害，从中受到震动，受到教益。
The third feature is an attempt for objectivity。 The novels respect truth and let it speak， with little personal comment。 Through a big number of deeds they make the readers feel the impacts of the extreme leftist line and determined to learn a lesson from the past。
小说的成就是多方面的，所以我推崇它、赞美它。希望它成为诺贝儿文学奖金的获得者。
The novels are great in a number of aspects。 I recommend and praise them， and I hope they can receive the Nobel Prize for Literature。
本文作者简介
曲沐，山东牟平人，1933年生。贵州大学人文学院中 文系 教授，中国《三国演义》学会理事，中国《水浒》学会理事，中国《红楼梦》学会理事，贵州《红楼梦》研究会副会长。出版有《红楼梦会真录》（1996年台湾版）、《红学百年风云录》（合作）、《烟霞集》、校注程甲本《红楼梦》（合作）、程乙本《红楼梦》（合作）等
联系电话：86—851--5876472
联系地址：贵州省贵阳市贵州大学北区退休处
邮编：500025&nbsp；&nbsp；&nbsp；&nbsp；&nbsp；
A brief introduction to Qu Mu
QU Mu， from Mouping of Shandong Province， was born in 1933。 Professor of Department of Chinese， Guizhou University。 Director of the China Association for the Research on The Tales of the Three States。 Director of the China Association for the Research on The Water-margin Tales。 Director of the China Association for the Research on A Dream in a Red Mansion。 Vice-chair of the Guizhou Association for the Research on A Dream in a Red Mansion。 Publications include “A Record of the Association for the Research on A Dream in a Red Mansion” (Taiwan edition in 1996)， “A Hundred Years’ History of the Association for the Research on A Dream in a Red Mansion” (co-author)， “Yanxiaji”， “Annotations to A Dream in a Red Mansion” (Cheng version 1， co-author)， and “Annotations to A Dream in a Red Mansion” (Cheng version 2， co-author)。
Tel： 86-851-5876472
Address： Office of Retirees， North District of Guizhou University， Guiyang， Guizhou Province
Post code： 550025
本书被称为“中国第一部換位思考的作品”、“烛照历史的一部好书”、“一部杰出的作品”（评论后发）。过去的许多不公正的事实，即使现在也是海峡两岸难达共识、大量华人移居海外的原因，也是中国改革开放亟待待改革的民主大事！欲知众主人公后事，请看长篇《双溪坪的和谐》、《那些年我们滿怀期盼》！
Next the novel draws us to the Cultural Revolution， which is a product of the extreme leftist line。 There is an expression in the novel： anarchy。 Indeed， the scenes were so anarchy that the nation was wounded and hurt。 A fight was depicted and the situation was horrifying。 The leftist line is dictatorial， as Karl Marx stated， “it shows contempt and scorn to people， and debases them。” (Anthology of Karl Marx， P441)
所以， 张宗铭 先生的三部系列长篇小说，就其思想的成就来说，达到了空前未有的思想高度。鲁迅曾说：“中国文人，对于人生——至少对于社会现象，向来就没有正视的勇气。”又说：“有些聪明的士大夫，依然会从血泊里寻出闲适来。”并认为那些道学先生：“死似的镇静”，“真是天大的本领。”鲁迅最痛心的是中国人的麻木，对别人的痛苦无动于衷，对身受的压迫习以为常。然而， 张宗铭 先生则不然，他是一位具有良知的、敢于正视历史和现实的杰出的作家。所以他的系列小说，是我国第一部敢于正视历史，敢于正视现实，敢于进行反思的文学作品，其价值不可低估。
Mr。 Zongming Zhang’s novels are great in terms of ides。 Lu Xun once said， “The Chinese men of letters show little courage in facing human life and at least social phenomenon。” Lu Xun added， “Some intelligent learned men seek leisure amid blood shedding，” “they are dead-like calm，” “they are great。” He was sorry for the indifference shown by the Chinese to the others’ pains and their own sufferings。 Mr。 Zhang is unlike what Lu Xun described。 He is an outstanding writer who is public-minded and dares to look history and reality in the face。 His works are worth studying praising。
&nbsp；张宗铭先生系列小说的艺术成就也是相当高的，我想可以用“杰出的现实主义作品”来概括它。“现实主义”我觉得不应该否定，用它来评价文学作品是恰当的。1954年对我国文学史上的现实主义进行过一次热烈的讨论，有人认为从〈诗经〉开始就有现实主义创作方法；也有人认为从〈金瓶梅〉开始才有了现实主义的创作方法。〈金瓶梅〉是明代的小说，就是说到明清资本主义萌芽出现之后才有了现实主义的文学特征。我认为应该说从〈诗经〉时起，就有了现实主义的文学特征，发展到明清时期这种创作方法就更自觉了。
The artistic achievement of Mr。 Zhang’s novels is high， or rather “outstanding realist。” I deem realism as a suitable evaluation of literary works。 In 1954 a heated discussion was launched in Chinese literary circles。 Some people thought that the Chinese realism could be traced back to the ancient poetry classic Shi Jing， while the others maintained that the Chinese realism started in the novel of Jinpingmei， a Ming Dynasty novel。 In the latter’s view the Chinese realism emerged after the advent of capitalism。 I think it started in Shi Jing， and was developed in a better way in the Ming Dynasty。
张宗铭先生的三部系列长篇小说，就鲜明地表现出这种传统的创作方法，表现出现实主义创作的很高的艺术成就。它有哪些艺术特点呢？我觉得第一个特点就是充分的真实性。小说写的事件，历史跨度很大，从建国初期（如果从富田事件和洪湖赤卫队算起就更早）一直写到“文化大革命”。写的事件、生活、人物都是很真实的。我们说的“真实”，与“虚构”并不矛盾。“真实”是指艺术的“真实”，艺术的“真实”不等于生活的“真实”。所谓真实性，是对虚假、虚伪、空虚、空洞而言。它的真实性，并不使人感到虚假、虚伪，也不感到空虚和空洞。对生活没有粉饰也没有夸大，就是原原本本地照着生活的原貌进行描写，并没有根据个人好恶过多地夸大什么缩小什么，过多地贬低什么歌颂什么。〈红楼梦〉中有句话，说明现实主义的创作特点：“其中悲欢离合，兴衰际遇，俱是按迹循踪，不敢稍加穿凿，至失其真。” 张宗铭 先生的系列小说基本上也是这样，他所写的人物、事件、情节，都是“按迹循踪”，按照生活的轨迹、遵循生活的逻辑，对其产生、发展、变化，严格按照生活的真实性、历史的真实性来描写，使人不发生不真实的感觉。不管第一部、第二部、第三部，都给人一种历史的真实感，在这种历史的真实性的前提下，作者将自己博大的情怀和良知，融会在小说中去，歌颂和平、歌颂友谊、歌颂爱情；在人物上，讴歌真诚、讴歌善良、讴歌正义、讴歌人性美，使人从历史的真实性当中得以极大的美的享受。
Mr。 Zhang’s novels are a mirror of realism。 Let me specify their realist features。 The first feature is sufficient truth。 The novels range a long period from the early years of the People’s Republic of China (even earlier， if the Futian Event and the Honghu Lake Guerilla are considered) to the Cultural Revolution。 The events， life and characters are true historically。 It should be noted that “truth” does not conflict with “fiction”。 Truth is artistic and not equal to life truth。 Truth is termed as opposed to fraud， hypocrisy， emptiness and hollowness。 Truth does not appear false and hypocritical。 It does not paint life nor boast it。 Instead， it is a down-to-earth description of what life is， unguided by personal bias and hence impartial。 In A Dream in a Red Mansion (Hongloumeng) realism is described as “sketching ups and downs in life in the way it leaves traces so as not to lose its truth。” Mr。 Zhang’s works are just what this saying reveals。 The characters， events and plots in his novels “went in the way life left its traces。” They reflect truth as is required by realism， showing a sense of life and historical truth。 In presenting the history， the author devotes his conscience and bosom to what are involved。 He lauds peace， friendship and love， and gives much credit to sincerity， kindness， justice and morality。 Indeed， his works are full of a sense of beauty in terms of historical truth。
&nbsp； 第二个特点是力求完整性。所谓“完整性”，就是使作品反映生活力求作到成为有机的艺术整体。一方面，作品本身有其完整性，有其内在联系，不是七零八落的，不是各个艺术部件机械的组合，而是浑然一体的艺术精品。另一方面，力求反映生活的整体，不片面，不只从一个角度，力求从多个方面不使生活片面化。比如，写了一个唐维绮，又写了一个亨利，从不同角度表现对宗教和宗教人士的态度。尽管小说写的历史跨度比较大，但总是给人以整体的观念，并不觉得支离破碎，也不觉得单一或者单调。第二部为什么写到双溪坪，写到少数民族，写到农村。与第一部第三部结合起来看，就写出了整体的贵州，给人以贵州完整的面貌。第二部好像另起炉灶，但最后又与第一部结合了起来，形成了系列小说的完整故事，这种写法是了不起的，是一种大手笔的写法。
The second feature is an attempt for integrity， which requires literary creations to realize an artistic integrity with life。 In another word， the works should not appear broken but finished products。 On the other hand， they should reflect all aspects of life rather than a limited number。 For instance， both Tang Weiqi and Henry are presented in order to depict religion and the then attitude to religious people from a variety of angles。 Although the novels span a long time， they appear organic and rich in taste。 The second novel tells about Shuangxiping， minority people and the countryside。 The first and third novels give such a sense of integrity about Guizhou that the readers can get a full picture of the province。 The second novel seems written in another way， but its ending is combined with the first one。 In this way， the three novels form a sequel。 I think such a writing technique is great。
第三个特点是力求客观性。小说的写作态度是充分尊重事实，让事实说话，很少加进个人的评论。通过大量事实，让读者感受到极左路线的危害，从中受到震动，受到教益。
The third feature is an attempt for objectivity。 The novels respect truth and let it speak， with little personal comment。 Through a big number of deeds they make the readers feel the impacts of the extreme leftist line and determined to learn a lesson from the past。
小说的成就是多方面的，所以我推崇它、赞美它。希望它成为诺贝儿文学奖金的获得者。
The novels are great in a number of aspects。 I recommend and praise them， and I hope they can receive the Nobel Prize for Literature。
本文作者简介
曲沐，山东牟平人，1933年生。贵州大学人文学院中 文系 教授，中国《三国演义》学会理事，中国《水浒》学会理事，中国《红楼梦》学会理事，贵州《红楼梦》研究会副会长。出版有《红楼梦会真录》（1996年台湾版）、《红学百年风云录》（合作）、《烟霞集》、校注程甲本《红楼梦》（合作）、程乙本《红楼梦》（合作）等
联系电话：86—851--5876472
联系地址：贵州省贵阳市贵州大学北区退休处
邮编：500025&nbsp；&nbsp；&nbsp；&nbsp；&nbsp；
A brief introduction to Qu Mu
QU Mu， from Mouping of Shandong Province， was born in 1933。 Professor of Department of Chinese， Guizhou University。 Director of the China Association for the Research on The Tales of the Three States。 Director of the China Association for the Research on The Water-margin Tales。 Director of the China Association for the Research on A Dream in a Red Mansion。 Vice-chair of the Guizhou Association for the Research on A Dream in a Red Mansion。 Publications include “A Record of the Association for the Research on A Dream in a Red Mansion” (Taiwan edition in 1996)， “A Hundred Years’ History of the Association for the Research on A Dream in a Red Mansion” (co-author)， “Yanxiaji”， “Annotations to A Dream in a Red Mansion” (Cheng version 1， co-author)， and “Annotations to A Dream in a Red Mansion” (Cheng version 2， co-author)。
Tel： 86-851-5876472
Address： Office of Retirees， North District of Guizhou University， Guiyang， Guizhou Province
Post code： 550025
本书被称为“中国第一部換位思考的作品”、“烛照历史的一部好书”、“一部杰出的作品”（评论后发）。过去的许多不公正的事实，即使现在也是海峡两岸难达共识、大量华人移居海外的原因，也是中国改革开放亟待待改革的民主大事！欲知众主人公后事，请看长篇《双溪坪的和谐》、《那些年我们滿怀期盼》！